Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Essay -- Ithaca C.P. Cavafy Greek Poetry Essays

Ithaca by C.P. CavafyEveryone is given the opportunity to take the odysseythat is life, however it is important to make the travel asmemorable as one possibly can. The poem Ithaca by C.P. Cavafysuggests that what is most important in life is the experience that isincorporated with the travel, not necessarily just reaching theultimate goal. It is the quest, not the destination which mattersmost. This message is conveyed through the poem through the use ofallusion, myth and symbolism.The poem, Ithaca, is based loosely around the huge epicthe Odyssey by ancient Greek poet Homer. In the Odyssey the characterOdysseus trying to make his way home to his kingdom, Ithaca. Thecharacter faces many vicious creatures and other challenges he mustendure in order to make it to the final goal. This is alluded to inthe poem, by making reference to one of the characters starting out onhis journey to Ithaca (line 1). C.P. Cavafy also refers tomythological creatures such as the Cyclopes and the fierc e Poseidon(line 5), as well as the Lestrygonians (li...

Privatization Essay -- Government Businesses Papers

Privatization Privatizing services is a more attractive option for most local governments and is widely practiced around the state. There atomic number 18 certain government services in which it is impractical to create a free competitive market. For others, it is almost impossible to predict the potential success or failure of privatization. These unclear predictions make privatization a very complicated issue for local governments. The combination of rapidly rising service costs and slowly increase revenues has led officials in some cities and counties to use non-traditional income services to fund government options. Throughout the mid 1980s state and local governments continue to be in perturb because of the rapid increase in the demand for services they offer along with an increasing resistance on the part of their citizens to raising taxes in order to provide those services. Privitization is an outsourcing of functions to private companies that the financial burdern of pr oviding these services shifts from the taxpayers at large to the individual consumers. Doing away with government services at the local level is almost impossible. Elected officials atomic number 18 often resistant to vote to cut services. The elected officials are usually familiar with the people who might be negatively impacted by such(prenominal) an action. Citizens usually do not want to do away with local government services because they view services such as water/sewer, perk up , police and recreation as being life sustaining. Citizens feel that services cant be provided adequately by state or federal governments, and would like to come about services at the local level. A factor to keep in mind when looking at the potentials and downfalls of privatization is the private... ...ion/BURZASH.htm. Privatization on the Roll, says RPPI http//www.reason.org/apr98central.html The Opportunities and Challenges of Privatizationhttp//www.doe.gov/privatization/report/chapt-3.htm Th e Opportunities and Challenges of Privatization http//www.doe.gov/privatization/report/chapt-4.htm The Legal and governmental Enviornment of Privatization http//www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/pgem/ch1c.html ASCH, Peter, and Sececa, Rosalind S. Government and the Marketplace 2nd Edition. The Dryden Press, a division of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1989 Weicher, John Private Innovations In Public Transit. Washington, D.C. American Enterprise Institute for Public policy Research, 1988 Krikorian, Greg and Riccardi, Nicholas mount up Votes to Test Privatizing Child Support System. Los Angeles Times, November 11, 1988.

A Truly Hawthorne Nation :: essays research papers

A TRULY HAWTHORNE NATIONMany people have had an effect on this country. The originator for this lies in ourcountrys youth. The United States chassised at a time when technological advancements allowed many more people to leave a legacy in its dawning. These advancements led to a creation of literary history. I find it steadfastly to say one person had a larger effect on anything than anyone else, but some people do seem to stand out more than others. In helping to form, or even by just translating how others helped to form this country, authors were able to compile a great deal of literature. This literature has left us a way to learn about our history and many of the big people in it. One of these important people, whom also happened to be an author, was Nathaniel Hawthorne. He wrote about his cause experiences, including his observations of other peoples experiences. His life led him to the make up places at the right times. Today anybody can pick up his works and take from them the knowledge of what it was like to live during his times. Anyone who reads his work inherits just a unretentive bit of his style into their own writing. There is so much of his own work, on top of so much work pertaining to him, in this world that it is hard for him not to have made an impact on it. He has served as a translator, taking in the influences of his time and especially the people of his time, to in flip over influence the future.Nathaniel Hathorne was born July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts(Carey ed. 6). Here alone is where he gained much of his influence, both through his familys history, as well as in his own time. Much of his persona can be understood by knowing some facts of his life. His father died, while at sea, of yellow fever in 1808(Carey ed. 6). due to a leg injury in 1813 Nathaniel was unable to attend school and was thus home taught by Joseph Worcester for a short time(onlineDates 1800 to 1900- a timeline from Nathaniel Hawthorne 4/1/99). In 18 19 he attended Samuel Archers School, in preparation for college(Martin 11). In 1820 he was tutored by Benjamin Oliver(11). He began his studies at Bowdoin in 1821, where he was privileged enough to work along side Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Franklin Pierce, and other great minds(Carey ed.

Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing Essays -- Standardized Testing E

The United States recognizes that standardized testing is a central part of the educational system in our country. What many people do not know though is the history of where it came from. Beginning in the mid-1800s prestigious universities decided they wanted to give more students across the country a better chance at going into higher education, merely at the time there was not a way to measure the capabilities of students in both high class and low class families. This is how standardized testing came into play. If a student could do considerably on these tests regardless of their financial position than their scores would hopefully speak for themselves. Now standardized testing performs many more roles compared to its simple origins.In forthwiths society standardized tests not only indicates the capabilities of the students, but they also show how much they have learned, and the results can even decide how much support a school will receive. Due to these factors, a tremendous amount of pressure is put upon both students and teachers. For students the pressure is mainly to do well, and for teachers the pressure is earlier to teach your students well enough to perform their best. These requirements have become an integral part of what shapes the classroom mold. The goal of schooling is no longer to just teach, but is now also to prepare students for taking exams. One argument that has become prevalent is the debate of whether or not standardized testing should be use at all. Ultimately this is a personal decision there is no right or wrong answer considering that an argument could be made for any side. One thing that is for certain though is that there has to be some standard for determining a students abilities in school. Th... ...Tests. ProCon.org Headlines. N.p., 1 Nov. 2014. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. Tennant, Victoria. School of Education at Johns Hopkins University-The Powerful Impact of Stress. School of Education at Johns Hopkins University. John Hopki nds School of Education, Sept. 2005. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. The Human Brain - Stress. The Human Brain - Stress. The Franklin Institute, 2004. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Tung, Stephen. News. Stanford University. Stanford, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Where Did The Test Come From? PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.

who if any one won the cold war? :: essays research papers

The time period amid 1945 and 1991 is considered to be the era of the insentient War. The Cold War, known as the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, each known during this time as the super powers. This conflict consisted of the differing attitudes on the ideological, political, and military interests of these two states and their allies, exte nded around the globe. A common political debate covers the issue of who, if anyone won the Cold War. Many believe the United States won the Cold War since (it) had resulted in the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union. dapple others are to believe the United States had not won it as much as the Soviet Union had lost it since they feel Reagan did not end the Cold War, but that he prolonged it (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This has lead me to believe that there is no winner, only losers of the cold war. The cold war for the Soviet Union was to ensure security, obviate out capitalism, gain power, and improve their economy. Wh ile, on the other hand the United States just wanted to stop the spread of communism, which they felt, would spread rapidly throughout the cosmos if they did not put an end to it soon. Both the United States and the Soviet Union wanted to avoid WWIII in the process of trying to achieve their goals.The cold war was failed by the Soviet Union for many reasons, including the sudden collapse of communism (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This sudden collapse of communism was brought on ultimately by internal factors. The Soviet unions president Gorbachevs reforms glasnost (openness) and perestroika (political reconstructering) ultimately caused the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Gorbachevs basics for glasnost were the promotion of principles of freedom to criticize the loosening of controls on media and publishing and the freedom of worship. His essentials of perestroika were, a new legislature creation of an executive presidency ending of the leading role of the communist party allowing state en terprises to sell part of their product on the open market lastly, allowing foreign companies to own Soviet enterprises (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) Gorbachev believed his reforms would benefit his country, but the Soviet Union was ultimately held together by the soviet tradition he was trying to change. The Soviet Union was none the less held together by powerful central institutions, pressure for ideological conformity, and the threat of force.

who if any one won the cold war? :: essays research papers

The time period between 1945 and 1991 is considered to be the era of the Cold War. The Cold War, known as the conflict between the United States and the Soviet inwardness, each known during this time as the super powers. This conflict consisted of the differing attitudes on the ideological, political, and military interests of these two states and their allies, exte nded around the globe. A common political debate covers the issue of who, if anyone won the Cold War. Many believe the United States won the Cold War since (it) had resulted in the ultimate founder of the Soviet Union. While others are to believe the United States had non won it as much as the Soviet Union had lost it since they feel Reagan did not end the Cold War, but that he prolonged it (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This has lead me to believe that there is no winner, only losers of the cold war. The cold war for the Soviet Union was to ensure security, block out capitalism, gain power, and improve their economy. While, on the other hand the United States just wanted to stop the spread of communism, which they felt, would spread promptly throughout the world if they did not put an end to it soon. Both the United States and the Soviet Union wanted to avoid WWIII in the process of trying to attain their goals.The cold war was failed by the Soviet Union for many reasons, including the sudden collapse of communism (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This sudden collapse of communism was brought on ultimately by internal factors. The Soviet unions president Gorbachevs reforms glasnost (openness) and perestroika (political reconstructering) ultimately caused the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Gorbachevs basics for glasnost were the promotion of principles of freedom to criticize the loosening of controls on media and create and the freedom of worship. His essentials of perestroika were, a new legislature creation of an executive presidency ending of the leading role of the communist separatey allowing state ent erprises to sell part of their product on the open market lastly, allowing foreign companies to own Soviet enterprises (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) Gorbachev believed his reforms would benefit his country, but the Soviet Union was ultimately held together by the soviet tradition he was trying to change. The Soviet Union was none the less held together by powerful central institutions, pressure for ideological conformity, and the threat of force.

Discrimination of black people and white people Essay

This story, Black Boy is a great news that describes how the author, Richard Wright, suffered in the South of the United States during the time when there was lighten a lot of discrimination throughout the country. Since the author explained many of his horrible fuck offs in the past, this book cannot be written in a thin book. This thick book is full of his great experiences that wanted to be read by many people in the world in order to let everybody know the disasters of racism.This racism affected Richard Write a lot and he had to adapt to the environment that he was in, although he didnt know how he should act in confront of white people in the beginning of the story. There are not many examples in the beginning of the story since Richard was a little boy, and he still didnt know about racism. He did know that something was different between black and whites, notwithstanding he wasnt able-bodied to understand it since he was in any case young. He even talks to himself in Pg. 49 that I had heard that colored people were run throughed and beaten, but so far it all had seemed remote.There was, of course, a vague uneasiness about it all, but I would be able to handle that when I came to it. It would be simple. If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first. After this, he realized the harshness of racism around his society when Uncle Hoskins got shot by a white man when he was at the saloon. And the occasion is just because a black man was realiseing a lot of money and the white man became jealous. Also after this scene, there is an another example in Pg. 172 where he met his classmate, Ned Greenley who had lost his brother since the whites shot him for a specific reason.Ned said, Th-they said he was fooling with a white prostitute there in the hotel. Richard was floor since he could be in those kinds of situations at any time. Richards starts to think of really going to North soon as possible now. In Chapter nine, there is a scene that is really harsh where Richard sees it, but could do nothing. This scene is at the clothing bloodline for black people where Richard worked. The black employees were treated like slaves in the store the white owners would push, kick, or slap the blacks.Although Richard saw this scene many times, he never got used to it. Another big thing is the time when Richard sees a black woman getting raped by two white men. This is a part from the book that describes how evil this time of period was. On Pg. 179, it says, face cloth people passed and looked on without expression. A white policeman watched from the corner, twirling his night stick but he made no move. I watched out of the corner of my eyes, but I never slackened the strokes of my chamois upon the brass.After a moment or two I heard shrill screams coming from the rear room of the store later the woman stumbled out, bleeding, crying, holding her stomach, her clothing torn. When she reached the sidewalk, the policeman met her, gra bbed her, accused her of being drunk, called a patrol wagon and carted her away. When I read this scene, it really hurt my heart. I couldnt believe that the police didnt do anything at all and although the policeman knew that the black woman was raped, he accused her of being drunken.Richard could have panorama of saving the woman, but if he did something to the whites, he could be killed. Therefore, Richard wasnt able to do anything. All he could do was to feel sorry for the lady. This doesnt hold still for that Richard didnt worry about the woman, it was the way how he had to act in the South. After Richard realizes the social cycle between the whites and the blacks at his work place, he sacrifices his ethical motive to save more money. He begins to bootleg liquor to sell to white prostitutes in the hotel that he worked at.After that, he involves in a ring for scamming tickets. Then, he quickly amasses enough money to move out to the North. Although Richard was working earnest, he quits it because it was very hard to collect money if he had worked earnestly. Since Richard Write had an experience that he does not want to experience anymore, he was able to write this book, which would tell all the readers that discrimination or racism is not a thoroughly thing to do. He explained how he had to act as a black man if he didnt act like a black man, he might have not gotten the chance of writing this book.Richard Write had explained how blacks should act as a black, and although many horrible things were occurring around him, he wasnt able to change it since he was just a black man. I feel that Richard really wanted to resist against the white men but if he did, he knew that he was going to be dead. Although in the beginning of the story, he said that, If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first, as a result he wasnt able to disobey the whites because he was scared of death. Since he was able to adapt to the society that he was in, he was able to earn money and was able to go to the North to have a better life.

Effective Human Resources Leadership for Nursing Home and Assisted Living Facilities Essay

Man get onment Style for Assisted Living and Nursing Home Facilities Human Resource Management in Healthcare OrganizationsThe case of organization I chose to discuss is an independent the assisted living facility and nursing home. They both provide some of the same functions, although the hold of the facility may be slightly different. While these are separate types of organizations now, in the future, they will blend due to the fact that the longer the clientele is a resident of the Assisted Living Facility (ALF), the more likely they will be in need of full-time nursing care. (NursingCenter). I chose this particular type of organization because it is one that I am interested in due to the fact that such a large portion of our population will be served by these organizations in the near future and for some time to come based on our aging population statistics. Forty-two percent of the population that lives until the age of seventy will spend time in a nursing home before they die. (Knickman).Residents, or patients, in those facilities will receive services from a variety of providers like physical and occupational therapists, medication counseling for mental and physical ailments and perhaps social service support services as they die hard toward the nursing home in lieu of assistance from family members when they have none to call for assistance. Because the environment is clinical and service oriented over longer periods of time, it is key to examine what kind(s) of management style is successful in order to manage the intensive daily clinical needs and the ongoing relationships that develop among the provide and residents. angiotensin converting enzyme report on the study of leadership styles suited for nursing homes and assisted living facilities reported that a consensus leadership style had a strong standoff with quality of care. (Castle). Models indicate that consensus leadership style is also the best approach in limiting staff turnover, which is essential in how the residents rate their satisfaction of service. (Donoghue).Consensus management style is not a majority vote. After management hasreached a decision, consensus approach seeks to de vergeine if all the team members find it acceptable and if they are in support of the decision. In this management style we would ask what could be changed in order to obtain staff support. All members of the group should feel that their ideas and views were comprehend and that they heard the others in the group as well. The idea is that the team will support the management because decisions were arrived at fairly. (Mayoclinic).To meet all the demands of infection control, government regulations, service to the residents, clinicians, families and congenital risks associated with the geriatric population, management must not only be task oriented, scarcely people-centered. Management must develop clear and effective strategic plans, but with a humanistic approach of consensus so that all the team members that serve the clientele are happy and effective. It is truly an environment where management must bring up employee relations which will decrease risk, and improve patient satisfaction which should in turn also reduce marketing needs as each come out of contact that the staff has with a family member is also an ambient sales opportunity.In order to meet the patient needs in such a high demand environment where a majority of the time the patient/customer is in contact with a lower educated, less clinical staff such as a certified nurse assistant making a low wage, that staff must have a voice to actualize that they make a huge impact on the organization. When they feel valuable, the organization will run much more smoothly. My first job and customer reproduction out of high school was working the front desk of a four star hotel. We were the lowest paid on the totem pole, but management and human resources through and through incentive programs and awards re cognized our achievements and solicited our input of ideas at all times.WORKS CITEDCastle, N., & Decker, F. (2011), Top Management Leadership Style and Quality of Care inNursing Homes. inside 10.1093/geront/gnr064. Epub 2011 Jun 30.Donoghue C, & Castle NG, (2009), Leadership Styles of Nursing Home Administrators andTheir Association with Staff Turnover, doi 10.1093/geront/gnp021. Epub 2009 Mar 27.Knickman JR, & Snell EK, (2002), The 2030 problem Caring for Aging Baby Boomers. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12236388Kreofsky, B., & Vrtiska T., & Rego S., & Lewis T., & Chihak A., & Spurrier B., & Larusso N., & Farrugia G. (2011), Using Innovative paper Management Tools in a Large Health Care Organization Lessons Learned. Retrieved from http//www.mayo.edu/mayo-edu-docs/center-for-innovation-documents/wp-cfi-lessons.pdf Nursing Center. Nursingcenter.com. N.p. n.d. Web. 1 Sept 2013. Olson, Dana. (2007). Effective leadership in long term care the need and the opportunity . Retrieved from http//www.achca.org/content/pdf /ACHCA_Leadership_Need_and_Opportunity_Paper_Dana-Olson.pdf

My Knowledge Positive Replacement Behaviors Essay

Positive switching behaviors seem simple enough to understand when breaking down to each one word. Its to cod the un want behavior or desired behavior replaced with a collateral reinforcement. When doing this you want to try and bring in a replacement behaviors. It is sponsorful to have a target behavior that is not compatible with its. For good example if Roger doesnt like to have his shoes untied beca put on he has difficulty tying them, make sure to ask his parents or try to obtain shoes that dont need tying like Velcro. Overall as an educator you want to try and avoid the target behavior and use the replacement behavior as much as possible. What does reinforcement mean? streng becauseer in simple terms is defined as a consequence that follows a behavior. The consequence is used to strengthen the behavior immediately after it has occurred. If you truly think about it reinforcement happens all the period in anyday life. Reinforcements happen in a lot of ways outside of th e classroom. The reinforcement that startle comes to mind for me is doing chores. If I continued to do my chores on a constant basis I would get paid for doing so. even out though this reinforcement isnt the same it wricks in a similar way. The main goal for reinforcement is to set a goal or a standard for that somebody and in the end your get an award for it. There are many different types of reinforcers to help behavior but there are particular types of reinforcers that work for different students.The four reinforcer types are Natural reinforcers, token reinforcers, social reinforcers, and tangible reinforcers. Natural reinforcers are kind of self-explanatory. For example if Becky Sue stays on task and does her homework, then she volition get good grades. Token reinforcers are usually given when a student is executing actions that the instructor has suggested, when given these tokens they puke be exchanged for something of value. Socialreinforcers are similar to verbal prai se or specific approval of behavior. For example Bobby gets his English paper back and his teacher writes excellent work The last reinforcer is tangible reinforcement. Tangibles are used a lot with educators and involve a physical award such as treats, money, or prizes. What is positive and negative reinforcement?Positive Reinforcement is a technique used by professionals and parents to modify their childrens behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors. Positive reinforcement push aside be used as a reward. Educators are well known for using reinforcement in education. When you need to help your children learn new behaviors, increase behaviors you desire and reduce undesirable behaviors, your chances for success will increase if you use positive reinforcement (Butler, 2010). This term is familiar end-to-end society and is used as a great method for behavior modification.Sometimes people think positive reinforcement is only used for the students that endeavor with undesired behavio rs but it also there for students that continue to their good behaviors. Negative reinforcement involves strengthening a behavior through the removal or avoiding of negative outcomes. This reinforcement is confused with being negative and used as punishment, when it is not. Negative reinforcement is used in hoped that the behavior will not reoccur. As you outhouse see punishment and negative reinforcement are used in two different ways as one is in hope that it wint occur again and the other is in hopes of decreasing the behavior. How would you use positive reinforcement in the classroom environment?When I think of a positive reinforcement I think of positive things throughout your classroom and the day. First I would start the day off by greeting my students as they come into the classroom. If I see a few students sitting quietly putting their stuff away and sitting on task I would use verbal praise by saying, thank you for coming in and doing what you need to do in the start of class. A lot of my reinforcements would be verbal and specific to their behaviors and the item-by-items. When using my verbal praise I would make sure to use a loud but pleasant voice to make it known to that student. Even though its great to use individual reinforcements I think it is also crucial for students to have positivereinforcement as a group. For example if every student gets there homework done in class or close to done they the class receives a smiley face.If the class receives 10 smiley faces they will get a pizza party. Sometimes this is hard to obtain from the whole class but once they do it is great because the class earned this a whole. My plan that including goals and objectives for a student with an sensational disabilities My plan that including goals and objectives for a student with an emotional disabilities Emotional disabilities can be fragile to work with. When working with students that have disabilities like these I would first and foremost be patient wit h the student. The Article Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Defined states Emotional or behavioral disorders can be divided into three groups that are characterized by externalizing behavior, Internalizing behaviors, and low incidence disorders (Smith, 2007). By looking over these three categories there is a difference betwixt the three. I would try and figure out the students that fell into each group. For goals I would try to make sure that they were measurable for the students. From the beginning of figuring out their emotion disability I would set up specific goals and objectives for each student to follow. Each student is different so this would be done on an individual basis.When including goals I think its great to develop short and long term goals for students. The plan that is developed could have a reward system. For example for every 30 minutes the student doesnt disrupt the class or have and outburst they will get a check, if the student obtains 10 then they get to do something of their chose like read for 15 minutes or have 10 minutes computer time. After a period of time like two months or every semester/quarter I would evaluate the plans and goals that I have set. I would ask myself, is this effective for the student? Have I seen an emotional change, and if not I might have to reevaluate what is working and what is not. Overall with positive replacement behaviors you want to make sure they are gettable for the student to achieve. With great planning and getting to know the student it can happen.ReferenceJohn Wheeler & Dean Richey. (2010).Behavior management. Retrieved from http//gcumedia.com/digital-resources/pearson/2009/behavior-management_principles-and-practices-of-positive-behavior-supports_ebook_2e.php Butler, A.(2010). Behavior modification through positive reinforcement. Retrieved from http//www.livestrong.com/article/139880-behavior-modification-through-positive-reinforcement/ Smith, D. D. (2007). Emotional or behavioral disorders de fined. Retrieved from http//www.education.com/reference/article/emotional-behavioral-disorders-defined/

Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset in an Organisation

HUMAN RESOURCE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASSET IN AN ORGANISATION gentleman resource is defined as the employees in the transcription, and in an article by Harting(2008), he mentioned that Any organization will go only as furthest as the people who atomic number 18 driving it. This statement explains that the employees are the determining factor of how far an organisation can go and as such, it is vital for either organisation to invest in its own people so that they can contribute more in return. In every organisation, the main workforce are its people and without them, the organisation would non be able to conduct daily business transactions let alone move it forward.After all, people get things make as they are always the final decision makers. People are also highly adaptable to change especially when put in a difficult situation that whitethorn require them to use their superior skills or knowledge to deal with the problem. Besides dealing with problems, people also can inst ill and generate new ideas which can be of good use to the organisation such as cost savings ideas, better working environment suggestions or even ideas that can propel the organisation forward.Most people in this world have to work for a living and they will always be looking at for organisations that pay better and provide better benefits for their employees. Being better paid when comparing with their peers, people tend to be more motivated to work harder for themselves and the organisation so that they can provide better for their family. Motivated employees tend to show better quality of work and they deal with difficult situations better than employees who drag their feet to work. monetary benefits may work for roughly people but not all employees can be bought.Some employees prefer to work in organisations which assures job security than having a highly paid job as being paid well may mean more competition in that position and thus lead to a more stressful working environm ent. In 2011, Google, the company that changed the way Internet search engines work, was placed fourth in U. S Fortune cytosine Best Companies to civilise For List. Garglulo(2011) mentioned that The payoff shows up in increased innovation and productivity, low turnover, low sickness rates, and high employee satisfaction. This year, U.S Fortune named Google, the Best Company To Work For. Google pays a lot of attention on how they treat their employees as the organisation aims to make their employees life better and easier by providing them with on-site physicians and nurses in an event that they may fall ill and require medical attention. Even on vacation, Google employees are covered with travel insurance and emergency assistance any where in the world, and not only does Google take care of their employees, they also ensure their loved ones are also well taken care of.Google emphasized that they value their employees opinion as they always welcome feedback and they evaluate their employee benefits regularly to ensure that the benefits adapt to the needs of the changing population. (Google, 2012) From the way Google values their human resource, it is no surprise that within a year, it took the top position of being the best company to work for. From a research by the Great Place to Work Institute, it was stated that todays employees really do want different things and it is not in their paychecks.From their research with more than ten million employees worldwide, they have gathered that what people want most is firstly, trust in leadership and each other, secondly, pride in their work, thirdly, enjoyment of the people they work with, and lastly, fairness and transparency all things that companies like Google seem to do well. (Garglulo, 2011). Even on the Google website, they have dedicated numerous pages stating their employee benefits and even videos of satisfied employees.It is uncommon for organisations to spend so much effort on their websites emphasizi ng on their benefits in order to attract top and best people around the world to work for them. In conclusion, different organisations came up with different strategies to keep their employees prosperous and motivated and are willing to invest more into their Human resource as they know that without them, the company may not be able to lease efficiently as compared to having them. Human resource is the most important asset of any organisation as they are the driving force that keeps it going and carry it to greater heights.

Gender /Sex Discrimination in the Work Place Essay

Thirty five years after civil rights act of 1964 was croaked, fe antheral lay downers amounting to 80% argon quench doing the women work. Some as secretaries, others are sales clerks while others are support workers in the formations. In the year 1993, only 19 women found themselves among the directors in the bucolic and more than 500 boards had no fe anthropoid members. In 1999, the New York Times conducted a poll and found out that the biggest problem women were facing in the States at that time was job discrimination. In the aforesaid(prenominal) year, working women were so much concerned about the wage gap between them and their potent counterparts.Although the virtue came to prohibit these discriminations they continued even after (Mayor, 2010). This essay seeks to find out what the justice is all about and who are covered in the righteousness. It to a fault seeks to tag between cozy and sexual practice personal identity discriminations and sexual torment groun d on some case studies. The federal law title VII, criminalizes any harassment or discrimination in the work place. It encompasses or covers all the employers in the private sector, state and local governments including education launchings which employ 15 workers and above (HR Hero, nd). opposite groups that are covered by the law include government agencies, political sub divisions, labor unions, associations, corporations, companies among others (US Equal Opportunity Commission, nd). The term employee as used in the act refers to a person who is involved in industrial activities that extend to the commerce of the county and has more than 15 workers under him. It similarly refers to corporations that belong to the government or the Indian tribes and any department in the District of Columbia.The word in like manner includes clubs that have private membership which do non pay tax as provided by the law. The term homophileipulation agency as used in the act refers to those pe rsons who are involved in searching for employees on behalf of the employers either with or without recompense. Another group that is covered in the law is the labor organization. This refers to all those labor organizations which are affecting commerce in unitary way or another. This whitethorn excessively include the agents of these labor organizations and also committees that represent employees.Those groups which are involved or deal with grievances of the workers are also covered in the law (US Equal Opportunity Commission, nd). Apart from prohibiting discrimination in the work place based on sex, race, color, religion basis and national origin, it goes further to prohibit discriminations based on pregnancies, sexual stereotypes and sexual harassment against the employees. Currently, the law does not include discriminations based on sexual orientations but under the employment non discrimination act, that configuration of discrimination is covered.Many states have implement ed this law and they have included more classes to be covered for example, marital status (HR Hero, nd). Civil rights act of 1964 has so many provisions in regards to employers and employees in the work place. Under section 2000e-2, the law declares that, it is unlawful for the employer to discriminate against any individual in regards to terms of payment, compensation package or privileges that the employment offers based on his /her race, gender, country of origin, color and religion.The law continues to say that any employer, who will be found imposing limitations to his workers, preventing them from accessing employment opportunities based on the above mentioned discrimination grounds, will be criminalized (Find US Law, 2008). Both employment agencies and labor organizations have also been put on annotate by the law in that, when they fail to employ a person based on race, sex color among other factors, then they will also search the law. The term based on sex here, refers to, based on pregnancy or medical conditions that are cogitate to it and child birth.In the act, the law requires that all women affected by the above mentioned conditions, should be treated equally just like their male counter parts in regards to work related issues. This also applies to the benefits that they are supposed to be given. The condition that they are in should not limit them to enjoy their benefits just like other workers who are not in their condition. These provisions are included in section 2000e-2(h). This section does not allow the employer to pay for abortion benefits unless the life of the mother is in hazard (US Equal Opportunity Commission, nd).Moreover, under this section it is considered unlawful when an employer comes up with touchstones of compensation or privileges and earning measuring system with an intention of discriminating employees based on the foregoing mentioned factors. They are also forbidden to come up with ability tests whose results are int ended to discriminate individuals. An employer is also not supposed to be biased when it comes to find out the amount of money he is going to pay his workers especially when based on sex.This potful only be allowed when it has been provided for in the section 206(d) of the labor standard act of 1938, title 29 as amended (US Equal Opportunity Commission, nd). This law makes the employers responsible to prevent sexual harassment cases among their employees. They are supposed to shine caution in regards to sexual harassment and correct any instance of it in the work place (Equal Rights Advocates, 2010). Differences between sexual discrimination, sexual harassment and gender identity discrimination Sexual DiscriminationSexual discrimination is nearlyly associated with the employers but if can also be committed by other employees. When this hazards, the employer would be held responsible. There are two types of sexual discrimination direct and indirect. The former refers to those si tuations where women at work place are treated with less favor than their male counter parts because of either their gender or marital status. Direct discrimination also comes in when treating a adult female less favorably because she is pregnant or has gone(a) for a maternity leave and this can extend even to pregnancy related illnesses.This mostly happens for example when a woman has gone for an interview and the interviewer only concentrates on the domestic circumstances of the interviewee (Thomsons Solicitors, 2010). Another instance of discrimination based on gender comes in when a man who is less qualified than a woman is employed instead of her or when a man who is less experienced in the work place is promoted. sometimes they are given excuses that those jobs are dirty ones and that there are no good toilet facilities for them.Sometimes, employers can be so cruel to the result that, they can demote a woman because of her pregnancy or just immediately after maternity leav e. In addition, sex discrimination comes in when a woman employee is not allowed to see clients or meet them for that matter and sometimes she cannot be invited to social events and instead a male colleague is chosen over her (Thomsons Solicitors, 2010). Indirect discrimination refers to the adoption of some policies or practices in the places of work by employers.These policies are in one way or another disadvantageous to one gender than the other, even though they may appear on the surface to treat them equally. For example, an employer may require his employees to work full time and this disadvantages most women by barring them to take such a job. Some examples of this kind of discrimination include some employers imposing age bars to their workers which can affect women negatively because most of them take time out to go to bring up children and thus these age bars will mean that, they will uprise their qualifications later than men (Thomsons Solicitors, 2010).Some employers m ay also give their workers some benefits as a result of working for long in an institution and this will definitely not favor women who have decided to take time out to go and bring up children. Clauses related to mobility are also out to work against women in that, they may have difficulties when it comes to relocation because of their families and sometimes because of relying on their husbands as primary earners in the house. Some employers also go to the extent of requiring their workers to provide weight and height measurements and this will favor male workers more than their female counter parts.Lastly, those employers who require their employees to work in those hours which are unsocial may disadvantage women who have family commitments especially those who have children to care for (Thomsons Solicitors, 2010). A case study related to this kind of discrimination involves a woman who had worked for a water transport railway line for some time but in her case, she was working i n an office. Later, she decided to apply for a job in the kindred company but as a deck hand. In the process of application, she ex considered her desire to acquire a captains license.She later complained that her male colleagues made her feel not welcome because they started to make such comments like how the job would be too dirty and heavy for her (Anti-Discrimination Commission, 2004). A time came when the business was facing some financial crisis and the company decided to do away with a particular service and this led to work hours for deck hands to be reduced. As a result, the company shortened her water time and this made her lose hours and opportunities in training and career. Her complaints to the company over the issue on how male counter parts were being favored in regards to time were futile.She sued them and as a result, she won the case and a compensation of $12,000. The companys administration was directed to carry out anti-discrimination training among its workers (Anti-Discrimination Commission, 2004). This case study applies to discrimination among the workers themselves. Some companies also discriminate when it comes to offering services. In a case study, a woman wanted to be served by a certain company and in the process, she sought an appointment with the management for an in-home quote. The companys representatives told her that it would be let on if her husband was present for the quote.In her astonishment, she asked if the same procedures would apply on both of them regardless of who was present but they ignored her. The company gave some excuses regarding the matter stating that hit or widows were allowed to be accompanied by friends. The company was directed by a court to provide written apology to her and also to develop an anti-discrimination form _or_ system of government in the work place (Anti-Discrimination Commission, 2004). Sexual harassment When it comes to sexual harassment, it is perceived as a form of sexual discrimin ation.It can be defined legitimately as any unwelcome behavior or conduct that is of sexual nature and can be expressed through the word of mouth, physical delegacy or even through the eyes the conduct having severe consequences affecting the working surround in a negative way, making it be hostile. This pith that any conduct that is welcome is not sexual harassment. Sexual harassment can be committed verbally or written by commenting on how somebody has dressed, on his or her behavior, somebodys body structure, making jokes that are based on sex, asking somebody for sexual favors or for outings repeatedly.This may also include threatening a person or even spreading rumors about a persons sexual life and also sexual innuendos (Equal Rights Advocates, 2010). Physical sexual harassment includes assaulting a person, trying to block somebodys movement, touching somebody inappropriately which may include kissing, patting, stroke and even hugging. One can harass an individual non- ver bally by looking at a persons body from up downwards, using derogative gestures towards a person, or even employing facial expressions that are of sexual nature (Equal Rights Advocates, 2010).Following a person comes under non -verbal sexual harassment. Visually, it can happen through drawings, pictures, emails, screen savers and posters that are of sexual nature. Some commonwealth may be harassed because they are females not males or the vice versa. This can also be considered as sexual harassment of non- sexual conduct. For example, if a lady carpenter works among male colleagues and she always finds her tools hidden, this can be considered a sexual harassment. The only condition that must exist for a conduct to be considered a sexual harassment is when the conduct is severe or pervasive (Equal Rights Advocates, 2010).If one is blast, demoted or the employer refuses to promote one because of rejecting sexual advances, that is automatically becomes sexual harassment. Even if it may not lead to injury or job status changing, so long as it interferes with ones performance at work place or even creating a hostile environment that can be considered as a sexual harassment (Equal Rights Advocates, 2010). A case referred to as Meritor Savings Bank V. Vinson is one of the best cases on sexual harassment. The Supreme Court held that if a alliance is not welcome, it is considered to be involuntary. A plaintiff who was a lady sued her supervisor. During her first year working in the bank, she entered a relationship with him unwillingly because she feared losing her job (TWC Home, nd). She knew that she would face it rough the moment she refuses the advances. So she continued with the relationship for two years. The man would fondle her in the sight of other workers, sometimes follow her to the rest inhabit and even go to the extent of exposing himself to her. For her, she did not expose his conduct to the management due to insecurity.The plaintiff proved that the r elationship was unwelcome and it created a working environment which was abusive. The Supreme Court heard this and ruled in favor of her. The accused had to pay for the damages to the plaintiff (TWC Home, nd). Gender Identity Discrimination Gender identity refers to a situation of self identification either as a female or a male regardless of the anatomical sex at the time of birth. In normal circumstances, gender identity goes hand in hand with anatomical sex. A person identifies with females because she has physical features of females and a male does the same because he has male physical features.However, this does not apply to all human beings because for some, their identity does not match with their physical feature and this applies mostly to transsexual people (Work indicate Fairness, 2009). A female may have the stronger side of males and a male may have stronger characteristics of females. Society may view the situation very differently. For example a man who identifies h imself as a woman can be said to be feminine and a woman who identifies herself as a male is considered masculine. Transgender is used to refer to a person whose stereotypes of gender identity do not apply.This term refers to cross dressers both male and female, impersonators from both genders, individuals who are inter sexed, transsexuals, males who are feminine and females who are considered masculine (Work Place Fairness, 2009). These people usually face a lot of discrimination especially at work place. Mostly, they are usually fired the moment the management learns of their plans to undergo surgery on sexual reassignment. Some of them live in fear of being fired especially those who engage in cross dressing outside their work places.Those who try to wear appropriate clothes that match their gender identity are usually punished or fired all together for not conforming to the companys policy of dress code. This happens especially in those companies that do not recognize individual s who are trans-gendered. Some employers even go to an extent of prohibiting these trans-gendered people to visit the rest rooms and are sometimes harassed by co workers on that basis (Work Place Fairness, 2009). This discrimination is not prohibited by the law particularly the federal one. How ever, efforts are being made to pass a law that will make this kind of discrimination illegal.Some have argued that, it can be covered with the law that bans all kinds of discrimination in the work place. Supreme Court has allowed these discrimination cases to be treated as harassment but is not clear how a court should handle such a case (Work place fairness, 2009). In conclusion, many people do not differentiate between the three kinds of discrimination making it hard to press charges regarding the matter. Some may have been discriminated without their knowledge and thus it is high time, companies adopt anti discrimination policies to make every one aware of his or her rights at the work pl ace.References Anti-Discrimination Commission of Queensland. (2004). Sex discrimination case studies. Retrieved from http//www. adcq. qld. gov. au/Cases/Sex. htm Equal right advocates. (2010). Know your rights Sexual harassment at work. Retrieved from http//www. equalrights. org/publications/kyr/shwork. asp Fine US Law. (2008). Civil rights act of 1964-cra-title vii-equal employment opportunities 42 US code chapter 21. Retrieved from http//finduslaw. com/civil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 HR Hero. (nd). Title VII of the civil rights of 1964-title VII.Retrieved from http//www. hrhero. com/topics/title7. html Thomsons solicitors. (2010). Summary of the law on sex discrimination. Retrieved from http//www. thompsons. law. co. uk/ltext/l0840001. htm TWC Home. (nd). Case studies on sexual harassment. Retrieved from http//www. twc. state. tx. us/news/efte/case_studies_in_sexual_harassment. html US Equal Opportunity Commission. (nd). Title VII of the civil rights of 1964. Retrieved from http//www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/titlevii. cfm Work Place Fairness. (2009). Gender Identity discrimination. Retrieved from http//www. workplacefairness. org/genderid? agree=yes1

Phenomenology in Peter Zumthor’s architecture

Phenomenology is not a new invention, although it became synonymous with modernistic dodge in the early 1900s. In fact the idea of phenomenology and the gist of life and its numerous bondions became not only an existential question, that withal a study of reactivity between human cosmoss in the hope that we susceptibility scan why things happen and why we be fall in in the delegacy we do. In the social sciences, sociologists much(prenominal) as Max Weber wanted to understand this kindred between humans and in art this relationship culminated in the relationship between the artists and the subject and the constituent(a) ties that atomic number 18 visible between the two. dickhead Zumthor has capture a paragon of his art and his architecture is manything of a phenomenological artefact and in this case we examine his architectural members at Vals in Switzerland and Cologne in Germany. We look specifically at his spa complex (Therme Vals Spa) and his art museum (Kolum ba). We in addition look at the meaning and the hypothesis of phenomenology as a discipline in the attempt to understand the bindion between Zumthors personal standpoint and the ideology as a whole. We look first at phenomenology as a discipline and its forefathers while also looking at the actually first revelations of phenomenology in the arts.What is phenomenology? How did it come into being and why is it such a powerful jibe for the arts? Phenomenology is described as the study of structures of consciousness as intimacyd from the first-person point of view. (Smith, 2008). What is central to the idea is the intention of the subject, for instance, what does the individual intend to do with the project? The direction of an insure is ge ard towards the object with pertinence to the meaning of the relationship (Smith, 2008).It was used in the social sciences by masters such as Heidegger, Husserl and Sartre and encompasses quadruple major aspects of the philosophy of social science epistemology, ontology, ethics and logic (Smith, 2008). Naturally, these aspects of humanity cannot be explained by scientific inquiry al hotshot, as the human brain consists of spiritual domain reactions as well as the physiological and observ sufficient. This posed a problem for social sciences in the sense that something could not be proven unless it could be observed. What we are fit to observe, overhearly, is interaction, action and reaction. What we are not able to observe is the why.Smith (2008) explains that where conscious roll in the hay is concerned the major affect is that we are able to live through them and perform them. We are able to relate a past experience only from our own standpoint, found on how we felt at the time and therefore we interpret it as it affects us personally (Smith, 2008). Hermeneutic phenomenology is a branch of the discipline that stems from the interpretive which means that we are only eer able to interpret experiences and relati onships thereupon and never able to prove beyond reasonable doubt that it is true or not (Marcelle, 2005).At present, the nature of phenomenology is changing with the coming of new communication methods such as the internet (Marcelle, 2005). Indeed, artistically speaking, architecture also remains a means of communicating via its ability to relate a feeling or atmosphere that is pertinent to the e execution it wishes to convey. For example, an art museum wants to convey a different experience to that of a spa. After we confuse interpreted experiences, we wherefore surrender to analyze them and remove notable aspects for further observation.Thereafter, phenomenology tries to expand upon different ways of cogitateing and understand what type of thinking allows that particular experience to be interpreted in that way. Empirical experiments attempt to determine the commonality of that experience and whether it can be proved (Smith, 2008). Some forms of phenomenology try to explain these experiences with the added benefit of neurologic knowledge which is of course, empirically and scientifically proven (Smith, 2008). Now we know what phenomenology is save what we need to do it examine where is it began in terms of representational art and architecture.Upon regard something it immediately invokes some sort of emotional connection whether you like it very much or hate it, there is a reason for this connection. When we view a flower in the open air, some of us whitethorn feel euphoric and happy amongst the beauty while differents may not be extensively affected by it. The corresponding is true when viewing a rubbish heap, but with the opposite emotion. How we view this experience depends very much on the condition of mind we are in at the time and the overall mental state or personality.This was used in early Surrealist art where those such as Salvador Dali attempted to relate the internal subconscious of the self to the viewer. Dali himself used architec tural type hypercube structures to convey a certain transcendence of Christ in his noted Corpus Hypercubus (1954) (Fudjack & Dinkelaker, 1999). The mark of using this 3 dimensional construction was to invoke the sense not only of transcendence but also omnipotence with the past, present and the hereafter all being present in one picture (Barrette, 2007).Prior to Zumthors work and wedged in between Dalis was Antonin Gaudi whose post-modernist art nouveau architecture can be enamourn as both garish and outrageous. Gaudis work was not only intended for a purpose, but was also employed to have specific affect on the viewer. Sagrada Familia was not completed before Gaudis death in 1926 (Schumacher, 1991). Gaudi used angularity, columns and vaults in true architectural classicism and combine it with modern eclecticism to maintain a gorgeously outrageous modern gothic temple.In other works, he used mosaics and facades to produce candy-like constructs that both blithe the eye and se rved a purpose. So phenomenology is not a new idea in the arts and was used with great effect also by artists such as Rene Magritte and in writing by Roland Barthes. Marcel Duchamps created yet some other dimension to modernistic phenomenology which included a form of cerebral art that do it necessary not simply to view the piece, but to think about it and to react to it. For him, it was not so important that you liked the work, but rather that you fancy about it.Duchamps constructed the Three Standard Stoppages (1914-1915) which used found articles such as string and mirror in a wooden box. This piece therefore do use of mathematical questions that were of course, not answerable. The purpose of the work was in fact to create for Duchamps his own physical oeuvre (Betancourt, 2003). Roland Barthes created the idea that what we see is not ingenuousness if it is reproduced. Barthes viewed a picture of his mother with the knowledge that although it was his mother in the picture, it was also not his mother. It was really only a representation of her (Barthes, 1980).The question is really, what is the individual experience of the photograph? The experience of the individual is very different depending on whether or not of course, you know the object depicted. We see that phenomenology has been used for many years in the arts and in writing, and now we look specifically at the work of shaft of light Zumthor. Peter Zumthor was born in Switzerland on the 26 April 1943. Zumthor was the son of a cabinet maker and learnt carpentry early in life. He studied at the Pratt Institute in New York and was awarded the Carlsberg Architecture Prize in 1998 (Spiritus Temporis, 2005).Peter Zumthor also wrote extensively about his philosophy for architecture saying that In order to design builds with a sensuous connection to life, one must think in a way that goes far beyond form and construction. (Zumthor in Arc home, 2009). The phenomenological approach of Zumthors work is c lear in this statement as it employs the purpose and necessity of thinking about the work more than merely accepting it as a piece in which we either reside or gather. For Zumthor, the building not only has to be facilitative, but also be emotionally or sensually charged.It is only in this manner that we are able to connect with it on a personal level. The building is itself, and does not have to be representational of anything. In other words, as the Chartres Cathedral is representational of a ghostlike artefact, Zumthors work has an existence beyond its representation (Zumthor in Arcspace, 2009). The Kolumba Art Museum of the Archdiocese of Cologne is a culmination of old and new religious art which was meant initially to make one think about how the two fields intercept (Carrington, 2008). It is described as a museum of springion (Carrington, 2008).First founded in 1853 by the Society for Christian Art and is home to 2 000 years of religious art. The most important aspect of t his art however, is that it has two parallel histories. The original building was almost on the whole destroyed during World War II and during the year of 1973, excavations revealed medieval, Roman and Gothic remains. All the ruins were used by Zumthor to collaborate the history into one astounding piece of work (Carrington, 2008). Zumthor essentially raised the walls on cement covered steel columns and embedded both sets of historical ruins into the new walls (Carrington, 2008).The result is an amalgamation of old and new that somehow allows the viewer to notice the old rather than the new while also providing us with the very(prenominal) vision Zumthor himself had. Upon viewing the structure it appears to be a patchwork that is carefully constructed to produce a time-frame continuum. Yet while the building is a thoughtful invocation of old and new, it is also environmentally considered. It is constructed with filter walls that have a air and light permeable membrane which is sep arated between the chapel and the exhibition rooms (Architectural News, 2007).Zumthor collaborated the use of the old serviceman somatic with brick, mortar, affix and terrazzo as a backdrop for the artworks exhibited (Architectural News, 2007). Clearly, if Zumthor wanted to he could have created a modernistic and highly technological piece of architecture like the Sydney Opera House, but his sensitivity as an artist allowed him to produce a dignified and respectful piece of architectural history that is not seen before. Windows specifyd across the entire space of the wall allows light to enter at all directions and also provides changing lights spaces at different times of the day (Architectural News, 2007).There is not a great difference in colour between the old and the new parts of the building considering the different substantials used at any time. The gothic vaults that appear on the side of the building are embedded onto plastered and textured walls. The texture however , does not appear directly behind the gothic facade, but rather some meters above it. This means that there is no trimion from the original facade (Figure 1). Kolumba Art Museum Figure 1 Markus Bachmann (Architectural News) 2007. The Therme Vals, Switzerland has a completely different countenance altogether.Zumthor appears to be a master at replacing older structures with refreshing new ones. The spa reopened in 1996 after it was reconstructed by Zumthor from the original 1960s building (McLaughlin, 2006). Zumthor created a modern bathing complex out of 60 000 local quartzite slabs. The buildings itself appears to be truly new age and almost alien-like, with granite dotted around geometrical and glass sliding doors. In a sense, Zumthor has attempted to internalise the mountain backdrop of the exterior of the building, by incorporating the natural light available through cover and clarified glass (Baus, 2007 9).Holes in the sky-lights of the slabs allow natural light into the rooms where the baths are situated. The floor plan reveals lights situated under the water in the baths that smoothen a magical blue in the evening and is a perfect place to reflect upon ones self (Baus, 2007 14). This is of course, the point of a spa, that one is assisted in self exploration. The domes appear to resemble eyes placed upon a shield from which the light is radiated. The purpose of this architecture is therefore not only to accommodate and conjure well being, but also to accommodate the natural environment (Baus, 2007 5).The building itself resembles the gentle ebb and flow of the stream that feeds the spa as well as the Alpine mountains that surround it. The interior glass is frosted with yin/yang shaped apertures that allow the light into the building as seen in figure two. One is quickly able to see how the light is utilised to produce an ethereal and magical area of meditation which is particularly important to the person who is attempting to find emotional help. It i s not a palatial and sentimental piece as is seen in the art museum, but then the personality of the throng visiting it is not likely to be the same either.Figure 2 Interior Vals Spa www. flickr. com/photos/amirkorour/269995495/ Remove frame The loss of senses is a contributing factor to emotional disruption and the allowance of this building to connect with the beautiful environment facilitates the reconnection of the person with the senses whether they be beauty, love, peace or euphoria. Sensory deprivation is something we have come to tolerate as humans due in part to our fast paced lifestyles and our intense need for social airs and graces.In a space such as the Vals Spa, we are able to shed these nuances of life and expect to be move back towards what Zumthor had previously explained was a sensual connection with the environment. In an interview with Zumthor available online the Termae of Stone is explained by the man himself. Zumthor states that he wanted the visitors to be able to connect with the environment and to be able to find themselves inwardly the architecture (Zumthor, 2007). Zumthor also wanted the architecture to be a part of the healing shape rather than an abstract work of art on its own.For this reason it must facilitate the human experience rather than detract from it (Zumthor, 2007). The meaning behind the architecture is that is becomes almost a mythical and ritualistic appearance of cleansing in a very spiritual manner. The spiritual is inherent in the building by virtue of it meaningful change and by symbolism. Zumthor uses the ritual of removing ones clothing as a part of this stripping of extraneous material to reveal the purity of self and of the environment, essentially becoming one with it (Zumthor, 2007).Stone and skin are two of these important factors as well as the senses being able to experience different temperatures of the water and textural changes in the light and building material. Coupled with this is an acoustic e ffect that tantalises all the senses touch, sound, sight and experiment. There is a clear parallel between the building and its meaning which is the essence of phenomenology. This was also attempted by Frank Lloyd Wright many years before at Falling Waters. Zumthor states excessively that on a formal level everything is simple and un-intrusive, an important aspect of the purpose of a healing spa.Part water and part stone, the functionality of the material is chief(a) to the human dust which is mainly water itself (Zumthor, 2007). There is a juxtaposition between the mobility of water and the solidity of stone similar to the opposites visible in the art museum which old and new are encapsulated together. Zumthor clearly also enjoys the opposing of various opposite sets as well as the sensuality that theses opposites grant the viewer. For most people healing entails the need for the senses to be reawakened and for experience to be reinvented.In a sense, we stop experiencing the wo rld around us when we run out of time or are clinging to the need to survive rather than seeking time for the self and its needs. The idea of a spa is not only the range of treatments that it gives the person, but also a healing form within where the person is able to completely relax. The reflection of light against the monochromatic pool floors is the same example used in the Art Museum at Kolumba where the light allowed into the building illuminates the various pieces differently all the time.Only natural light can do this, not artificial. For Zumthor, thinking is also important to the individual, because thinking is what makes us different from one another. In the same way as we do not all think in the same way, light reflections are never the same at any given time. The result is purely interpretive and hermeneutic. The effect is as much psychological as it is physiological and the spa is as much naturalistic as it is modern which is largely thanks to the quartzite slabs Zumtho r has used.Zumthor is quick to explain it is his own idea of the architecture that he wishes to convey and that he takes the liberty of interpreting the piece the way he sees it (Zumthor, 2007). The idea of the piece is always accompanied by a powerful cooking stove and the visualisation of the experience (Zumthor, 2007). For Zumthor it is never an abstract idea, it is very clear. The first encounters that Zumthor has upon undertaking an architectural piece are naive and child-like and gradually mature into something realistic (Zumthor, 2007).The process of building never loses the initial image even though it is built upon and matured. For him it is a self defining form of architecture and not an abstract, detached one (Zumthor, 2007). Interestingly this is opposite to the previously mentioned modernist architect Antonin Gaudi whose architecture was outrageously abstract and indulgent. Zumthor has clearly focussed on communication, opening the mouth of the architecture to allow h is image to proceed. Communication is key to the hermeneutic experience, predominantly because communication is the way we define ourselves and others.It is the way we are able to relate to one another and it the only evident practice there is to humanity. Zumthor is therefore also human-centered in his approach to art and architecture. Jacky Bowring describes how as Westerners we have become detached from our senses and uses the example of Anthony Giddens that globalisation, westernisation and modernisation are intertwined. This means that the global village is slowly but surely become a Western one where sensory deprivation causes the volcanic outburst of unnatural behaviour (Bowring, 2005 81).But Western culture is also dominated by the visual meaning that what is pleasing to the eye is considered pleasing to the soul. However, other cultures such as the Indian and the Oriental employ the use of all the senses and produce an holistic effect (Bowring, 2005 81). For this purpose, Zumthor cleverly escapes the Westernized jail in which Western society had holed itself and employs the use of other sense that essentially make us humans rather than just non-rational animals (Bowring, 2005 81). Bowring believes that our optical and visual culture has made us deprived of other senses, which is partly true.She states A counter to the one-eyed focus of ocularcentrism is the recognition of senses of place that is found in the philosophy of phenomenology. (Bowring, 2005 82). As a result of this deprivation we have become dislocated and not a whole and functional body, hence the need for multi-sensory architecture and connectivity with our environment (Bowring, 2005 82). For Bowring the problem is that the Western obsession with appearance has caused landscape artists to produce masses of gardens and landscapes that are pretty or stunning but have no other sensory satisfactions (Bowring, 2005 83).Sturich looks at the image as a poetical one, as a hermeneutic experien ce by which we create images that invoke certain feelings and for Zumthor the poetry is an unexpected truth (Sturich, 2003 4). The poetic strengthens our relationship between the world or ourselves, making us more able to experience that world for what it really is a culmination of all senses and not merely a material setting (Sturich, 2003 4). Memory is another aspect of the poetic that Zumthor uses as the senses are memory precursors. The senses and the poetic becomes narratives by which we build our current worlds, beliefs and experiences (Sturich, 2003 6).For this reason, we associate things we do not like with things that have bad memories or experiences. We may not like thatched houses because one caught fire once as a child or we may enjoy the Palace of Versailles because of a sweet cake we indulged in when visiting it. The association of what we enjoy and do not enjoy is based on our experience of it. Zumthors idea of what a kitchen should be is based on his memory of his a unts house when he was a child, as evidently he has good memories of it (Sturich, 2003 7).Poetry relates these memories through words, architects relate these memories through their works. Sturich explains that we use buildings as repositories for poetic images that increase our awareness of the world around us (Sturich, 2003 10). So we have the memory and the poetic image as two aspects of the hermeneutic or phenomenological that facilitate creative and healing properties of the human being and the human mind. Davidovici explains yet another interesting aspect to the phenomenology of Zumthor and that is in the culture of modern Europe.Critically speaking, Zumthor did away with the cultural need for art for arts sake and replaced it with a chaste concern for the environment (Davodovici, date unknown 1). Herzog and de Meuron were two of Zumthors counterparts, but there idea of architecture was as an artistic vehicle with a motion towards emotive charging of all materials used in a s ingle building (Davidovici, date unknown 1). The morphology of the building therefore entertained the idea that humanistic approaches were too formal and there was thus a need for impersonal and neutral surroundings to be banished.Zumthor, in his Kolumba Art Museum gave way to the fact that our memories are embedded in our pasts and that patriotism is a necessary part of internal spirit. We see that the use of two to three worlds entwined with the modern gives exactly the right tally of emotive past and sensory present. Zumthor was concerned with creating something that we could know, understand and feel. (Davidovici, date unknown 4). Again, for Zumthor the idea of building and of dwelling is the same as Heideggers that dwelling is the personal and identifiable space where people reside as human beings (Sturich, 2003 1).The importance of this is that our personal space is a reflection of the self in the same way that it is also impersonal in its creation. It is the way in which we adorn our personal space that allows the true self to become self-evident. The building itself is built by someone else and very rarely is indicative of the self, but in these cases, sometimes this works as a slate upon which one can paint their own image. We see without doubt that Zumthor has created in the Vals Thermal Spa, a place where the individual is able to connect with the self because the surroundings are impersonal.However, it is very clearly natural and devour to earth. Compare this for instance to the Hilton Hotels dotted around the Unites States that are lavish but also impersonal but offer no real hazard to connect with the personal. The same sort of comparison can be made between the Chartres Cathedral and the Kolumba Art Museum where both themes are the religious. In the Chartres Cathedral the purest place of the architecture as a product is itself. The Kolumba, by contrast is that it should show the character of the works contained within it rather than the bui lding itself.Zumthor also shows a very important character reference too in that the main source of his inspiration was not to show himself as being a great architect, but to preserve the past. The gothic and Romanesque arches that Zumthor preserves are beautifully melded into the modern cement walls of Zumthors own interpretation. The interior is also clearly geared towards preserving the art within it rather than being a work of art in itself. The need to preserve the past is also related to the importance of memory and the personal relationship both a nation and an individual has.The Vals Thermal Spa on the other hand is created in an impersonal and natural way so as not to detract from the experience that one is supposed to have. Here begins the phenomenological application the experience, the interpretation and the analysis. The first thing one is goaded into at the spa is to experience the multi-sensory application. You are required to feel the water, see the reflection, hear the sounds of the water and also taste it. This is important to the personal experience, as every one has different ones. similarly important is the fact that within the water the quartzite is locally mined and is not an anachronism for the person viewing it. The purpose is to reawaken emotion and experience of the world around and you as well as be able to reconnect with the self. We see that phenomenology is concerned with action, reaction and interaction, which is also personally experienced rather than imposed upon the individual. The theory of Roland Barthes was also pertinent to the understanding that what we see visually is not always the realistic, it is often merely a representation.What the other senses do is to make that sight into a tangible reality. One can see a picture of a something and it excites the visual sense but when we are able to feel it, smell and taste it, it becomes a tangible reality. The baths of Thermal Spa able to be felt, seen, and heard and are there fore real things. Salvador Dali also attempted to make the representational into a reality, he tried to convert the two dimensional into the three dimensional causing the person to optically believe they are able to touch and omit the article or the object.One is able to analyse the feelings one has only from the personal standpoint and never from the third person, hence the personal nature of narratives and novels where the author places themselves in the position of the character in order to create the person they wish to describe. This means that the poetic narrative is also an inversion in a sense, of the phenomenological even though it is not truly the personal experience the personal experience being of the first person rather than an interpretation of the first person by the third person.The importance of the relationship between the personal and the interpersonal is evident again in the fact that although we cannot prove how we feel or how others feel, we are at least able to empathise with what we see and feel around us. Zumthor is clearly wanting us to reconnect with the surroundings, our sense and our selves. In conclusion Peter Zumthor has succeeded in creating an architectural world where there is a good relationship between the past and the present the natural and the man-made and the self and the world.It is not merely based on the visual but also on all the senses. He relates to the human need to embrace the sensual rather than living the life of positive society. While science offers us a very distinct set of truths about the world around us, such as that the earth is round and that the body needs water, what it does not do is tell us how we think or why we do what we do. In architecture such as Zumthors, the architect recognises that in human nature very little is formulaic and we are seldom able to predict human behaviour.Certainly this cerebral art is a dismissal from classical, also formulaic artistic pieces. The thinking architecture is one that is able to produce the self in the its architecture and is able to allow the person to reflect on the environment as well as themselves. The Art Museum is a place where the individual is able to reflect on the persons national past while also allowing us to be able to see the changes over time in the art in question. The Thermal Spa allows the person to reflect on themselves as well as their surroundings, hereby facilitating healing.

Global Impact of E-Commerce on Society Essay

Explanation supreme effects1. Convenience e-commerce is very convenient for node ,because it accepts distinguishable type of credit and debit cards and as many other forms of payment as possible . guest dont occupy to go anywhere for payment ,customer tole grade carry as many items in stock as possible to avoid back ready ,it is often convenience because the order goes hand in hand with in timelines to customer. 2. Helpful for disables and aged concourse as the disable and aged peck atomic number 18 less able to passing and might be live al maven , so by the e commerce they dont need walk to door to door of different shops in that search of liaisons ,whatever they need that will come to there door within the timeline, within reasonable prices and if they dont like the product they can return it back within the time period of product3. Time saving with e-commerce, consumer can save their time, because they can have access to their money with mesh and work all from a des ktop computer and save the time of going to so many different shops in search of thing they wanted ,they will get so much choices on e-commerce at sitting at there home, in that mean time they can do there different works . 4. Information availability e-commerce enables consumers to shambling price comparison so that they can make more appropriate purchasing decisions .e-commerce make data of products and the market as whole which is easily accessible by customer to make more appropriate purchasing decisions5. Helpful for new parentage in the present situation of market, e-commerce stores have become the necessity of the people e-commerce web site is exposed to the millions of people at a single click , so the chances are high that it is able to generate huge receipts and to start a new line of business ,the business man solitary(prenominal) need to pay the allowance fees of his business website , so it is clearly shows that the expenditure is very less and profit margin is very high 6. Jobs for society e-commerce create lurch jobs for the general people for these jobs people dont need to much educated and this not very hard work any worker can do that the delivery person also get tips s reward 7. 24 hour service e-commerce site gives customer ability to have unlimited store hours, it gives customer it gives customer 24 hours a day ,7 days a week access to shop and buy items from online stores .the customers can make contact to the merchant or the vender anytime by email or by the fax. whole selective randomness about the product is available to the customer all the time on the website8. gettable niche products on the e-commerce market there is wide range of products are available ,there are variety of products which come in different variants at varied prices, some products which are not available within the boundaries of ones country on e-commerce one can do cross border shopping, they only have to pay the shipping cost extra9. Disintermediat ion e-commerce removes intermediaries in supply chain process, it gives customer simpler and more direct access to good and services which performer lower prices because supply chains are streamlined and the fees charged by distributors and logistics providers are eliminated or sharply reduced 10. Environmental friendly e-commerce is eco-friendly market because people do shopping on e-commerce through internet by sitting at home they dont go to stores looking for things they need ,every information and product is available at internet 24 hours a day and 7 days at of week , by shopping through internet saves fuel and prevents air pollutionExplanation negative effects1. Loss to the small business man e-commerce makes direct link between the customer and tell oner or manufacturer ,which shows there is no need of middle so the job of middle man is vanished and it also effects the small business and sell they loose customer because customer prefers to purchase directly through e-co mmerce from manufacturing at low rate prices 2. Increase in wickedness rate e-commerce increases the computer crime which also known as cyber crime ,cyber crimes includes internet related forgers ,embezzlement ,fraud ,vandalism and the disposal of stolen goods .the potential threat to the overall development of e-commerce is serious . according to FBI there was e commerce fraud of 30 billion in 2004 in economy3. Creates unemployment on the e-commerce customers purchases directly from the stores the details information about the products is available on the site of the product so they dont need to go manually to store and they dont need any person to give them information or guide what is right for them , because of this feature of e commerce employees who work at stores loss the jobs . 4. Wrong information e-commerce is also known as electronic commerce which we do on internet ,internet is trap if you dont have proper knowledge about it and the main motive of any business is to s ell there product ,for that they may give wrong information on internetP2.1- Analyse the impact, including the risks, of introducing an e-Commerce system to an organisation ANS E-COMMERCE e-commerce is a centering for any size of organisation to do business over internet, selling products or services , taking payment and providing customer support which have positive impacts on organisation and as well as have some risk to organisation and customer of organisation As we take the example of ASDA which is one of the four biggest supermarkets in the UK ,alongside tesco ,sainsburys ,morrisons .IMPACTS OF E-COMMERCE ON ASDA* Provides multichannel selling* Accelerate business growth* Empowered customer* Reduce operating cost* Increased profit rate* Interactive help system1. Interactive help system The website of ASDA provides interactive help system that efficiently guides a new user to pronto get accustomed to the online shopping process , which attracts more customer. ASDA has class ified its products efficiently based on the departments which enable the customer to view the products accurately , ASDA website also provides information of time to time offers on products by advertising on the sides of website which keep customers up to date2. Multichannel selling multichannel selling is the process which is used by ASDA to sell their products , in this process ASDA sell their products with in various online channels ,it can single website , public website , public marketplaces and shopping-comparison site and social websites , As on the e- quest which is the public market place have 23 million registered users, and the price grabber reported that they alone have more then 18 million grotesque visitors per month and social sites are popular all over the world , which brings customer from all over the world and increases sales at high rate as well as expand the brand recognition

Bank of America Company Profile

coast of the States is a orbicular financial operates participation headquartered in Charlotte, NC. It is one of the worlds largest financial institutions. lodge of the States serves all over 53 million customers. They serve these customers through 5,500 retail banking offices. deposit of America is known as a leader in the online banking world. Online alone the company services 30 million active users. The company serves customers in all 50 states and more than 40 countries. The company has numerous different lines of business and employs over 260,000 people. ( bank of America 2012) Historical PerspectiveThe entire banking industry is made of mergers and acquisitions. The history of Bank of America is no different. Bank of Americas earliest predecessor was called the Massachusetts Bank. Boston petitioners wanted the right to pop off a bank. They were armed with $300,000 in capital and had many supporters. 15 of the original shareholders were woman. Among the founders and st art-off customers were names same John Hancock, General Henry Knox, and Paul Revere. That branch opened for business on July 5th 1784. This happened forwards the US Constitution had even been adopted.John Hancock was the governor of Massachusetts. In 1784 he signed the banks choose making it only the second bank to receive a state charter. In 1786 Massachusetts Bank financed one of the earliest sailings of an American ship to china. This opened up the china trade. The bank continued to come throughout America. Expanding to new states and changing names like Pacific National. It is believed that the Easton National Bank, one of the predecessors to Bank of America, was the first pay kindle on deposits. Offering numerous financing to significant projects through history, one of the well-nigh notable is in 1815.After the fires that devastated the capital, the bank financed the reconstruction of the capital. Fast forward over a degree centigrade to 1998. NationsBank merges with Ba nk of America. This move created the first coast-to-coast retail banking franchise. (Our Heritage, 2010) Bank of America continues to grow acquiring financial service companies like US Trust and Merrill Lynch. With a storied history in the financial services sector, and construction of our country, Bank of America is the most fitting name. Lines of Business Bank of America centeres on 3 customers.They focus on the people, companies, and institutional investors. They are the leading provider of checking, savings, credit and debit cards, and home equity lending. Bank of America is the nations largest loan servicer offering numerous different home mortgage options. Bank of America is a strong hold in Global Corporate and Investment banking. The Bank overly has a strong focus on financial advising and wealth management. The addition of Merrill Lynch has put Bank of America as the leader in Financial Services. Financial Position Bank of America, or BAC, is often one of the most popula rly traded stocks.In April, the share price of BAC declined over 5% to $11. 63. (Oleinic, 2013) As interest rates start to bottom out, the bank must constantly adjust to keep revenue up. presently the 52 week range of BAC is $6. 90 $13. 99. Although it has a larger 52 week range, the company is inactive somewhat stable. It has achieved this by building a strong balance sheet. In 2012 Revenue in millions was inform at $84,235 while Net income was reported at $4,188. Compared to 2011 revenue dropped almost $10,000 however Net income change magnitude from $1,446. As far as the shareholders are concerned, BAC has an EPS of $. 2. Overall the company is positioning itself to remain strong during the present-day(prenominal) downturn. (Bank of America 2012) Bank of America must constantly adhere to stricter policies from the SEC while still entertain a positive image in the consumers mind. As the bank continues growth it must remain belligerent against its 3 competitors Citi, Wells Fargo, and Chase. Conclusion Bank of America plays a major role in the spherical market place. From its beginning in the late 1700s, the bank has promisen the value in financing international trade. Centuries ulterior the same remains true.Any company as large as Bank of America volition be influential in the Global market place. As mentioned above, with 260,000 employees, the company has certainly left a very deep foot print in the global economy. The unique thing with Bank of America in the global economy is the amount of other global businesses that depend on the stability of the company. It is a company that finances several other global companies. For this reason, I think Bank of America pass on be here for a long time. It has positioned itself to grow during an economic downturn. We will have to wait to see if it has been good growth.

“A Few Notes for Orpheus”, by Don Bailey Essay

In the short story A Few Notes for Orpheus Don Bailey portrays the protagonist, Jake as an isolated, resentful, and hypocritical man.As the story begins, Jake is sitting alone in his room, life history in self-isolation. He is always telling himself that he homogeneouss his privacy, although sometimes he feels _too_ alone. The only if contact Jake has with the outside creation is through his telephone, and as he receives a phone call from his mother, a woman who he hasnt spoken to in a long time, he wishes he had disconnected his phone, or never had it installed. Jake is almost corpus sternum to hear her voice, but assumes that something is wrong because she never called him. Jake is uninformed about what goes on within his family. His mother has never once mentioned cigarettes that he could remember, cigarettes that would later result in his father developing cancer. Jake also has never pick out the effort to re-establish a obligate with those who he has lost contact with, suc h as his mother, father, wife, or daughter.Jake resents the incident that he is so isolated but doesnt want to take the initiative to change his lifestyle. He resents how neglectful he has been of his daughter, Bernice, and resentful that he has never been competent to live up to his fathers expectations as a child. When Jake brings Bernice along to finally meet her grandfather, she is effortlessly accepted by him. Jake has always try so hard to be accepted by his father, but all of his attemptshad either gone ignored like how the old man hadnt been around when he was awarded with a certificate in Red Cross life-saving, or when they had failed. He has always resented that about his father his attitude towards his frailness. His father had been somewhat understanding, so he showed it through his polite smiles. The nullity of those smiles had hurt Jake through the years, stripping him of an enjoyable childhood and eventually making him resent every font of it.Jake, who is oblivi ous to his hypocrisy, doesnt initially realize the number of statues he has made. Throughout the story we are undetermined to frequent statue-making and Jakes dislike of statues because Statues were the way other people made you stand still like dying. People loved you, made you their hero, and killed you so they could build a monument to their feelings. Jake has made statues of the old chick, the living soap opera his wife, the reformer the kid, the infiltrator and the old man. The statue of his old man is significantly different to the shriveled old man he actually is. Jake has always thought of his father as cosmos bigger. Jake also included his fathers infamous polite smile, one that had been used to overwhelm the shame that he felt in regards to Jake.Bernice has never had a complete statue of Jake because Jake wouldnt give her decent time to make one. She knew Jake as the man that used to live with her, not as her father. During their trip to the cottage, Jake allows him self to bond with Bernice. She knew all the gestures that led to making him stand still for statue making to become a hero, even if it was only for one day. This is the first step to Bernice experiencing what it is like to have a father. Even though Jake wasnt able to bond with his father, he didnt have to put Bernice through the same(p) pain or make the same mistakes.Don Bailey helps us perceive Jake as an isolated, resentful, and hypocritical man by exposing us to Jakes opinions concerning statues, his family, and his childhood. Jakes pain growing up ultimately contributed to the construction of his beliefs and would further teach him a lesson on how to avoid making the same mistakes that his father made, so his daughter would not have to experience the same pain while she grew up.

Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs: How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Making Essay

The contrary policy of United put ins has been altered since the era of George Washington. Even though Ameri keeps abide consideration to counsel of their respected founder, this is not enough because the world is different. Many people who have make the American distant policy currently, admit the fact that membership to the world community makes United States not to ignore the significance of getting along. One of way in which popular influence has or can influence foreign policy is through political leadership, this means that those politicians lead the American public to rack certain fill ins. Research have shown that most Americans are ill formed and uncertain on foreign affairs because it is thought that leaders generally disregarded mass inclinations when making their foreign policy choices. another(prenominal) way is through political responsiveness whereby normal politicians set aside their own principles and obediently follows the public assurance (Knecht and T homas, 2010). Recent research shown that American public both holds foreign policy opinions and cares about foreign affairs that are normal and constant. For any society that decides to terminate the period of discrimination, it must face the similarly ethical dilemma. For instance, if everybody is given the right not to be discriminated against stimulate, there is high probability of helping those victims who undergone retiring(a) discrimination and the racial inclination is lost. Moreoer if those members of the earlier omitted groups are preferred on basis of race then there is denial of right to prevent racial discrimination among other people. In my opinion generating a program is the best idea since it will assist much those victims who had suffered such unethical manipulation of racial discrimination in past sort of of applying racial preference. This program will fulfil the racial non-discrimination rule because the basis for help would be individual hurt and not rac ial identity. However, it will all assist a portion of those who are now benefiting from race-based confirmatory act (Higginbotham, 2013). Due to frequent exhibitions of racial discrimination, it is evident that in some areas of the world and by governmental strategies centered on hatred or racial superiority, for example the apartheid, racial segregation is an ideal issue in any human society. However, the issue of affirmative action was suggested during reconstruction period which led to U.S civil war. When the battle ended, those groups of people who were in the southerly region owned nothing and had inadequate skills which could help them to earn a living. The groups appealed for equal rights and wanted opportunity in the public grounds of employment and education to be equal. In various ways, they succeeded and as affirmative action developed, however, it portrayed rise of criticism from whites and men who viewed it as an opposite segregation. The debate over affirmative a ction has rotated around a collection of highly charged words, which sometimes complicates, instead of enlightening the discussion. Therefore it is significant to note that affirmative action play as a adjudge where discrimination has been found to exist or approved. Goals serve as one measure of non-discrimination and of the efficiency of attestation achievement efforts, not as a directive for female employment or minority (Raza et. Al, 1999). The implications of transnational economic policy on foreign policymaking has become more difficult in the period of globalisation since the go of players that require to be engaged along has increased. Referring from the traditional foreign policy, only few number of governments could deal with each other on moderately number of issues in accordance to the established legal injury and conditions. Currently, however, that cannot apply for national interests to be considered. There is now, in accumulation to rising number of countrie s, an innumerable of refreshful players which want to be considered as awn domestic addressees as well as the domestic addressees of the countries wants powerful economic units (Burns, 2010).ReferencesBurns, R N, Jonathon Price, Jr J. S. Nye, and Brent Scowcroft. The Global Economic Crisis And Potential Implications for Foreign Policy and National Security. Aspen Institute, The, 2010. Print.Higginbotham, F M. Ghosts of Jim vaporing Ending Racism in Post-Racial America. , 2013. Print.Raza, M A, A J. Anderson, and Harry G. Custred. The Ups and Downs of Affirmative Action Preferences. Westport, Conn Praeger, 1999. Print.Knecht, Thomas. compensable Attention to Foreign Affairs How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Making. University Park, Pa Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010. Print.Source document